前例のない選挙結果となったのが、今回の中間選挙です。それを取り上げみます。まず、ヒスパニック、アメリカン・インディアン、モスレム、黒人、女性、牧師、障害者、小児科医師など多様な背景を持った候補が支持され当選したことです。特にディープサウス(Deep South)とかバイブルベルト(Bible Belt)といわれるアメリカ南部および中西部・南部などで、ヒスパニック系の人々が民主党を支持したことです。それも大差を付けての結果です。ディープサウスとバイブルベルトはそれぞれ異なる点、例えば歴史、人種、地理 vs. 宗教、価値観からアメリカ南部を指す言葉ですが、地理的には大きく重なっています。
前稿ではアメリカの舌戦期間中で買収、スキャンダル、信教・思想への攻撃、巨大な資金の投入がなどが堂々と行われていることに触れました。視聴者からは、「こうしたネガティブキャンペーンで相手を攻撃した場合は名誉毀損になるのではないか」という疑問が生じます。アメリカでは1964年の最高裁判決による、ニューヨーク・タイムズ対サリバン判決(New York Times Co. v. Sullivan)により、公職者や政治候補者への名誉毀損のハードルが非常に高く設定されています。
この選挙の主な争点は、トランプ大統領が進めてきた物価高対策や各種政策の是非です。トランプは2024年の大統領選で自国の利益を最重視する「米国第一主義(Make America Great Again: MAGA)」を掲げ、不法移民対策や関税措置などを公約して勝利しました。就任後は日本など同盟国を含む貿易相手国への高額関税や不法移民の送還、連邦政府の人員削減などを進めました。
King Charles’ first visit to the United States since his accession to the throne seems to have impressed many Americans. His speeches to both houses of Congress were not merely diplomatic formalities, but imbued with a spirit and determination to bravely confront the various challenges facing the world today. Throughout his speeches, members of Congress repeatedly rose to their feet and applauded, expressing their respect, admiration, and praise.
The speeches were temporarily interrupted by the standing ovations, during which the members of Congress must have been contemplating the current turmoil in American governance and their suspicions and resentment towards another king. This king had never received such a standing ovation from Democratic members of Congress during his speeches.Even Republican lawmakers rose to their feet and applauded, so he must have been gnashing his teeth.
During his speeches, King Charles did not mention the name of this other king. This was a matter of royal pride and courtesy. In diplomacy, one does not name the target of criticism. However, in the context of King Charles’ speeches, the members of Congress could easily imagine the other king, President Trump, who has made numerous harsh remarks.
King Charles’ speech draft was originally written in consultation with the king by a speechwriter who could be described as a historian. It appears that the speech was based on a thorough examination of past British-American relations, in order to construct and present a story that would resonate with the audience.
Historically, Britain and its colonies, America, had a relationship akin to brotherhood. In the 1760s, Britain was under the rule of George III. He maintained absolute sovereignty and consistently imposed a hardline policy on the colonies. He held the belief that “colonies should be subordinate to the mother country.” This manifested as “mercantilism” and the accompanying “increased taxation” of the colonies. The colonies sent petitions for reconciliation, but George III rejected them, declaring them “rebels.”
The struggle for hegemony between Britain and France in the Americas in the 1700s is known as the “North American Colonial Wars.” These conflicts, linked to wars in Europe, involved repeated clashes but ultimately ended in an overwhelming British victory. King George III prioritized military force over dialogue, even hiring mercenaries from Germany to intervene in colonial administration. This hardline stance led the colonists, who had previously revered the king personally, to perceive him as a tyrant, contributing to the Declaration of Independence.
A witty joke exchanged between the two kings at a White House dinner has become a topic of discussion. It was in response to President Trump’s speech at the Davos conference, where he stated that “if America hadn’t existed in World War II, European countries would have spoken German.” King Charles responded by saying, “If I may say so, if Britain hadn’t existed, you would all have spoken French,” a humorous indirect reference to Britain’s role in eliminating French influence during the colonial wars.
King Charles’s recent visit to the United States appears to have been an opportunity to subtly demonstrate Britain’s position while offering respectful praise to the other side. This is evident in his speeches to Parliament and his reciprocal speech at the dinner in the White House.
勝海舟のことです。幕府は洋式海軍をおこすべく正式にオランダに海軍教師団の派遣を要請します。やがて1857年に教師団がやってきます。その団長がウイレム・ホイセン・カッテンディーケ(Willem Huijssen van Kattendijke)と言う中佐でした。カッテンディーケは、徳川幕府が発注した軍艦ヤーパン号、後の咸臨丸を長崎に回航した武官です。幕府が開いた長崎海軍伝習所の第2次教官となります。彼の貢献は、勝海舟、榎本武揚などの幕臣に、航海術・砲術・測量術など近代海軍教育を精力的に行ったことです。
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